This paper highlights the usually silenced voices and perspectives of surrogate mothers, the legal impact of cross-border surrogacy arrangements on intended parents, and the vulnerability surrounding the child(ren) born of surrogacy arrangements. Using desk-based socio-legal human rights research methodology, this paper examines not only the legal complications in cross-border surrogacy arrangements but also the human and social aspects of such arrangements, which better showcase the significance of this topic in a global setting.

Through a comparative legal methodology and desk-based socio-legal research, this study inspects how factors such as race, religion, caste, and socio-economic background influence the outcomes in death penalty sentencing in the United States and India.

The aim of this research is to find how the four dimensions of substantive equality law can alter and impact affirmative action.

This study explores the effects of affirmative action policies in the United States and the United Kingdom by analysing their advantages and disadvantages.